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This assignment sample elaborates one of the most Iconic Projects around the world - Burj Khalifa. It begins with a vivid description of the project itself and then moves to explain the following factors related to it:
Burj Khalifa: In Figures
2. Pre-Construction Phases
2.1 Foundation of the project
2.2 Designing of the project
3. Risk analysis
3.1 Benefits of risk analysis
3.2 Risk register
3.3 Risk matrix
4. Level of performance
4.1 Strategies for project improvement
4.3 Off-Site Construction and Quality Management concepts
4.3.1 Offsite construction
4.3.2 Quality management
4.4 Applications of quality management
4.5 Conclusion
Describe and map, by using an ordinary flowcharting technique or otherwise the main processes in the preconstruction stage of the selected project and the flow of activities within each progress (make appropriate assumptions as necessary and state them accordingly)...
Abstract
The Burj Khalifa project was expected to be the tallest building in the world; the tower was expected to be more than 700 meters with around 160 floors. The integration of wind engineering with the aerodynamic shaping was critical during the designing of this tower along with the architectural massing. This tower was built for residential purpose with a major focus on mitigation and taming of the wind effects. This paper will focus on the brief introduction on the residential tower, with its pre-construction phases where the emphasis is being drawn on the designing and construction of the tower. Further analysis of risk monitoring and improvement in performance have been done in this study. The main objective is to study the pre-construction phase along with flow activities under all the stages. Further, the risk register is maintained and an argument is made on the offsite construction and quality management.
[reviews]
Brief
Rita Mulkahy (1998) defined an iconic project as, “An iconic project; one off the project; defined a construction project designed according to certain specifications for special needs and under unique conditions.”
The construction of the Burj Khalifa tower attracted the attention of the whole world even before its construction started due to the claims of it being the tallest building. There was a constant concern among the people of the world from the beginning of the project until its construction ended. That is why it is considered as one of the most iconic projects in the world. The construction of Burj Khalifa Town required the construction of a multi-complex town. This programme encompassed the construction of Burj Khalifa tower, a shopping mall, entertainment facilities and nine residencies.
The construction of the Burj Khalifa tower attracted the attention of the whole world even before its construction started due to the claims of it being the tallest building. There was a constant concern among the people of the world from the beginning of the project until its construction ended. That is why it is considered as one of the most iconic projects in the world. The construction of Burj Khalifa Town required the construction of a multi-complex town. This programme encompassed the construction of Burj Khalifa tower, a shopping mall, entertainment facilities and nine residencies.
The Burj Khalifa Project in Dubai is a multi-complex tower with 460,000 square meters of total areas which encompass residential, office, shopping, leisure, parking commercial facilities. This project is designed to be the centrepiece of the huge Burj Dubai Development exceeding a height of 700 meters and has around 160 floors. The Emaar Properties, Client of Burj Khalifa is the major developer in the field of real estate in the whole Middle East. The Construction Manager designation was given to the Turner International whereas Samsung Joint Venture (consisting of Samsung, Korea base contractor; Arabtec, Dubai base contractor and Besix, Belgium base contractor) was designated as the General Contractor. The basic design of Burj Khalifa was inspired by the geometries of native desert flower called the Hymenocallis, whose harmonious structure the basic organizing principles of the design of this tower. The Burj further displayed refined references to the onion-shaped domes dedicated to Islamic architecture. (Abdelrazaq, 2008)
The Burj Khalifa Tower is built as a Y-shaped structure and has a setback along with three wings. The tower uses the buttressed core with representation of the separate wings. It is further described as a central hub forming out of the extension of the three structural wings. These wings are created to provide support to the building and the core of these wings are giving an anchor to the building so that these do not twist in wind. The tower is designed in a way to provide wind resistance and various wind tunnel tests were performed for ensuring the safety of the design. The Tower was itself put through the comprehensive review process. (Abdelrazaq, 2008)
The technical characteristics were further examined by the experts so as to ensure safety and to estimate the effectiveness of the structural system of the building. Three exclusive peer review programs were performed on the geotechnical engineering, structural engineering and wind testing. The tower has the Armani hotel which is designed by Giorgio Armani himself entirely.
The total expense of Burj Khalifa Project was evaluated to be approximately US$ 20 billion and where $ 4.2 billion were spent on the tower alone. The height and the capacity of stores in the Burj Khalifa Project were not revealed until its inauguration.
The tower superstructure of Burj Dubai is planned as an all strengthened solid working with superior cement from the establishment level to level 156 and is finished with an auxiliary steel supported casing from level 156 to the zenith. The tower massing is additionally determined by wind building necessities to lessen dynamic-wind excitation. As the tower spirals into the sky, the building's width and shape decrease, therefore diminishing wind dynamic impacts, development, and increasing speed. Coordinating wind building principals and necessities into the structural outline of the tower results in a steady element reaction, taming the intense wind strengths.
The essential outline idea of the tower is a natural structure with tri-hub geometry and spiralling development that can be effortlessly found in the last plan. Moreover, customary Islamic structures were used to enhance the tower's configuration and to join visual references to the way of life and history of the encompassing area. All things considered, the floor arrangement of the tower comprises of a tri-hub, "Y" moulded arrangement, framed by having three separate wings associated with a focal centre. As the tower rises, one wing at every level sets in a spiralling example, further underlining its tallness. The Y-shape arrangement is perfect for private and inn use in that it permits the most extreme perspectives outward without disregarding a neighbouring unit. The wings contain the private units and lodging visitor rooms, with the focal centre lodging the greater part of the lifts and mechanical storerooms. The tower is overhauled by five separate mechanical zones, found around 30 stories separated over the tallness of the building. Situated over the possessed strengthened solid bit of the building are the basic steel tower, lodging correspondence and mechanical floors, and finishing the compositional type of the tower. The outcome is a proficient working as far as its usefulness, auxiliary framework, and reaction to wind, while as yet keeping up the trustworthiness of the underlying configuration idea.
The technical characteristics were further examined by the experts so as to ensure safety and to estimate the effectiveness of the structural system of the building. Three exclusive peer review programs were performed on the geotechnical engineering, structural engineering and wind testing. The tower has the Armani hotel which is designed by Giorgio Armani himself entirely.
The total expense of Burj Khalifa Project was evaluated to be approximately US$ 20 billion and where $ 4.2 billion were spent on the tower alone. The height and the capacity of stores in the Burj Khalifa Project were not revealed until its inauguration.
The tower superstructure of Burj Dubai is planned as an all strengthened solid working with superior cement from the establishment level to level 156 and is finished with an auxiliary steel supported casing from level 156 to the zenith. The tower massing is additionally determined by wind building necessities to lessen dynamic-wind excitation. As the tower spirals into the sky, the building's width and shape decrease, therefore diminishing wind dynamic impacts, development, and increasing speed. Coordinating wind building principals and necessities into the structural outline of the tower results in a steady element reaction, taming the intense wind strengths.
The essential outline idea of the tower is a natural structure with tri-hub geometry and spiralling development that can be effortlessly found in the last plan. Moreover, customary Islamic structures were used to enhance the tower's configuration and to join visual references to the way of life and history of the encompassing area. All things considered, the floor arrangement of the tower comprises of a tri-hub, "Y" moulded arrangement, framed by having three separate wings associated with a focal centre. As the tower rises, one wing at every level sets in a spiralling example, further underlining its tallness. The Y-shape arrangement is perfect for private and inn use in that it permits the most extreme perspectives outward without disregarding a neighbouring unit. The wings contain the private units and lodging visitor rooms, with the focal centre lodging the greater part of the lifts and mechanical storerooms. The tower is overhauled by five separate mechanical zones, found around 30 stories separated over the tallness of the building. Situated over the possessed strengthened solid bit of the building are the basic steel tower, lodging correspondence and mechanical floors, and finishing the compositional type of the tower. The outcome is a proficient working as far as its usefulness, auxiliary framework, and reaction to wind, while as yet keeping up the trustworthiness of the underlying configuration idea.
The Burj Dubai Tower uses the most recent progressions in development methods and material innovation. The dividers are shaped utilizing Doka's SKE 100 programmed self-climbing formwork framework. The roundabout nose sections are framed with roundabout steel shapes, and the floor pieces are poured on MevaDec board formwork. Divider support is pre-assembled on the ground to take into account a quick position. Three essential self-climbing Favco tower cranes are found neighbouring the focal centre, with each proceeding to different statures as required. The cranes have been uniquely changed to have the capacity to lift the great lengths of link required, and additionally 25-metric-ton (27.5-ton) payloads, at high speeds. Rapid (120-m/minute, 393-foot/minute), high-limit (3,200-kg, 7,050-pound) development lifts were utilized to transport labourers and materials to the required statures. Due to constraints of traditional looking over methods, a particular GPS checking framework has been produced to screen the verticality of the structure. (Aboutcivil.org, 2014)
The development succession for the structure has the focal centre and chunks being thrown, to begin with, in three segments; the wing dividers and sections take after behind, and the wing nose segments and pieces take after behind these. Cement is circulated to every wing using solid blasts that are joined to the hop structure framework. Two of the biggest solid pumps on the planet were utilized to convey cement to statures more than 600 m (1,968 feet) in a solitary stage. A flat pumping trial was led preceding the starting of the superstructure development to guarantee pumpability of the solid blends.
The development succession for the structure has the focal centre and chunks being thrown, to begin with, in three segments; the wing dividers and sections take after behind, and the wing nose segments and pieces take after behind these. Cement is circulated to every wing using solid blasts that are joined to the hop structure framework. Two of the biggest solid pumps on the planet were utilized to convey cement to statures more than 600 m (1,968 feet) in a solitary stage. A flat pumping trial was led preceding the starting of the superstructure development to guarantee pumpability of the solid blends.
Burj Khalifa: In Figures
• “Height: 828 meters
• Area of Tower: 280,000 sq.mt. Including the Giorgio Armani hotel, offices and residential space.
• Total area: Tower+ Podium: 465,000 sq.mt territory.
• Curtain walls: 83,600 sq.mt of glass and 27,900 sq.mt of metal
• The number of floors: More than 160 storeys.
• Steel rebar’s: 39,000 (laid end to end)
• Concrete used: 250,000 m3 (weight of 110,000 elephants).
• Took 22 million man-hours to construct.
• The aggregate weight of aluminium utilized on Burj Khalifa is identical to that of five A380 airships and the aggregate length of stainless steel bull nose balances is 293 times the tallness of the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
• Area of Tower: 280,000 sq.mt. Including the Giorgio Armani hotel, offices and residential space.
• Total area: Tower+ Podium: 465,000 sq.mt territory.
• Curtain walls: 83,600 sq.mt of glass and 27,900 sq.mt of metal
• The number of floors: More than 160 storeys.
• Steel rebar’s: 39,000 (laid end to end)
• Concrete used: 250,000 m3 (weight of 110,000 elephants).
• Took 22 million man-hours to construct.
• The aggregate weight of aluminium utilized on Burj Khalifa is identical to that of five A380 airships and the aggregate length of stainless steel bull nose balances is 293 times the tallness of the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
2. Pre-Construction Phases
2.1 Foundation of the project
The project was considered as the centrepiece of the enormous scale along with the incorporation of around 30,000 homes, 3 hectares of parkland, no less than 19 private towers, 12-hectare (30-section of land) man-made Burj Khalifa Lake, nine inns including the The Location Downtown Dubai.
Source: Raft Foundation system of Burj Khalifa
A 3700 mm thick high performance reinforced concrete pile is used as a foundation of the Tower that is supported via a raft foundation at -7.55 DMD. A high-performance Self Compacting Concrete or SCC has been used for the reinforced concrete raft foundation. The SCC utilized has to be placed over around 100mm of a blinding slab with a waterproof membrane. A waterproofing membrane has been used for protecting the sides as well as the bottom of the raft foundation bottom. The figure mentioned above represents the Raft Foundation system for Burj Khalifa. The piles used are 1500mm in diameter with high-performance concrete bored pile reinforced along that extends to around 45 meters underneath the base of this raft. The basis of this design was geotechnical and seismic research. The piles have dimensions of 1.5-meter diameter x 43 meters long representing the largest and longest piles available in this region conventionally. For minimizing the detrimental effect wither from the chemicals or other factors, high-density concrete with low permeability has been used with has a cathodic protection system installed, under the mat.
A 3700 mm thick high performance reinforced concrete pile is used as a foundation of the Tower that is supported via a raft foundation at -7.55 DMD. A high-performance Self Compacting Concrete or SCC has been used for the reinforced concrete raft foundation. The SCC utilized has to be placed over around 100mm of a blinding slab with a waterproof membrane. A waterproofing membrane has been used for protecting the sides as well as the bottom of the raft foundation bottom. The figure mentioned above represents the Raft Foundation system for Burj Khalifa. The piles used are 1500mm in diameter with high-performance concrete bored pile reinforced along that extends to around 45 meters underneath the base of this raft. The basis of this design was geotechnical and seismic research. The piles have dimensions of 1.5-meter diameter x 43 meters long representing the largest and longest piles available in this region conventionally. For minimizing the detrimental effect wither from the chemicals or other factors, high-density concrete with low permeability has been used with has a cathodic protection system installed, under the mat.
2.2 Designing of the project:
Figure 2.31
The requirements and mindset of the customers are studied and design is prepared accordingly. This design this then reviewed by all the concerned parties. The changes in designs should be done as soon as the review of the customers is found to be against the desired project. A final design is then produced specifying the fine details of the project along with details on the nature of the workflows. These designs, reports and structure are reviewed from time to time as to as to keep in check the market analysis. The final design is the one which has mutual consent of all the parties.
Further, an IDEFO chart has been provided below for explaining the thought of the task. It gives a reference to the project and is presented on the basic chart level so as to provide detailed insights to the chosen iconic project.
Fig. 2.33 IDEFO
Additionally, the Figure 2.34 has been provided as the child outline of the connection chart provided in Figure 2.33. The figure in 2.34 has an introductory study with guardian graphs as well as kids charts with it. For the arrangement of this procedure, the emphasis has been put on each and every stage of the project. As an issue in any of the stage of the procedure could lead to disappointment in the project. Figure 2.34 mentioned below can be taken as a Level 1 IDEFO Graph and gives an overview of the phases related to the pre-construction phase of the project. Starting with the introductory stage, where the tendering of the project takes place, in this stage the delicate was discharged for getting bidders on the project and selection of a proper accomplice was taken place of accomplishment of the project. This phase takes into account an estimated calculation of the monetary issues and incurred the cost and the workforce required for the project. The Skidmore, Owings & Merrill were decided upon for the designing of the tower. Once this stage was completed and agreed upon, the emphasis is done on the arranging stages where the plan is considered from point to point and a report has submitted an endorsement. The attention is not paid to the development arranging along with the execution arranging.
Fig 2.34- IDEF0 Child Diagram Level 1
The figure given below Figure 2.35 is a Level 2 child chart of the Starting Study stage.
The stage is responsible for the management of the important information, which focusses on the data by the customer. The introductory project short is studied for obtaining the largest data. An outline was being studied which is important for the site imperatives, confinements of the Tower along with all the regulations of the building were considered. Once the arranging phase is complete, the calculation on the arranging of these tasks is done. This phase provides a focus on the necessities of the customers and as per the expected yield, the audit is performed on the suggested changes.The next phase is the arranging of the expenses and is considered to be the most important in the undertaking of the project. The monetary concerns are the most important for the development of any venture or project. Once a detailed introspection has been done on all the three phases, a detailed report is studied considering all the risks, site study, important parts and the contractual understanding. The detailed report contains all the factors and is look upon for any suggestion after completion of each phase. This helps to bring out the understanding with the needs of the customers and helps the project with the achievement in future.
This approach has 4 subforms. It contains four stages in a detailed procedure where all the risks are considered before starting or beginning of the construction of the project. The main or primary step involves managing the rundown of all the obligatory necessities for reducing the quantity experts offering assistance in the task. This would be less cumbersome as it has lease quantity of models and considers the annual turnover as them major aspect for the necessities of the organization. As soon as the bidders are selected, the organization starts to contemplate on the budget and expenses in the project. Any organized approach would avoid any unplanned or negligence with the assessment of the risks so as to avoid future glitches. Burj Dubai was accurately termed as an international collaboration where more than 30 on-site contracting companies collaborated from various nations around the world.
Figure 2.36 below is a Level 2 child diagram for considering the Planning methodology.
The stage is responsible for the management of the important information, which focusses on the data by the customer. The introductory project short is studied for obtaining the largest data. An outline was being studied which is important for the site imperatives, confinements of the Tower along with all the regulations of the building were considered. Once the arranging phase is complete, the calculation on the arranging of these tasks is done. This phase provides a focus on the necessities of the customers and as per the expected yield, the audit is performed on the suggested changes.The next phase is the arranging of the expenses and is considered to be the most important in the undertaking of the project. The monetary concerns are the most important for the development of any venture or project. Once a detailed introspection has been done on all the three phases, a detailed report is studied considering all the risks, site study, important parts and the contractual understanding. The detailed report contains all the factors and is look upon for any suggestion after completion of each phase. This helps to bring out the understanding with the needs of the customers and helps the project with the achievement in future.
This approach has 4 subforms. It contains four stages in a detailed procedure where all the risks are considered before starting or beginning of the construction of the project. The main or primary step involves managing the rundown of all the obligatory necessities for reducing the quantity experts offering assistance in the task. This would be less cumbersome as it has lease quantity of models and considers the annual turnover as them major aspect for the necessities of the organization. As soon as the bidders are selected, the organization starts to contemplate on the budget and expenses in the project. Any organized approach would avoid any unplanned or negligence with the assessment of the risks so as to avoid future glitches. Burj Dubai was accurately termed as an international collaboration where more than 30 on-site contracting companies collaborated from various nations around the world.
Figure 2.36 below is a Level 2 child diagram for considering the Planning methodology.
Figure 2.36
The last report is then presented by the accomplice where the customers’ needs and mindset are kept in mind so as to have a benefit in the effective endorsement of the project. The used methodology for the project as well the outlined development methodology are further clarified in by utilizing the UML movement outlined diagram below in figure 2.37. The capital and the project as then put into figures and as the approach is decided upon by a detailed report which has an outline strategy on the expenses that can be incurred with the stipulated time and a plan of action.
The last report is then presented by the accomplice where the customers’ needs and mindset are kept in mind so as to have a benefit in the effective endorsement of the project. The used methodology for the project as well the outlined development methodology are further clarified in by utilizing the UML movement outlined diagram below in figure 2.37. The capital and the project as then put into figures and as the approach is decided upon by a detailed report which has an outline strategy on the expenses that can be incurred with the stipulated time and a plan of action.
Fig 2.36
Fig 2.3.7 displaying the flow of activity in the Conceptual process as well as Design development processes.
Fig-2.37
This level considers to meet the target of the manager and for distinguishing the elements that might cause a glitch in the development of the project. Further, time to time meetings help to reconsider and conceptualize the fundamental issues along with the associated risks in the project. A UML chart has been provided where the adjustment, modifications and alterations can be considered. This helps the organizer to have a clearer picture with an essential arrangement and an outlined report. The Task Chief takes a critical role and helps to cooperation and connections within the organization and all the contractors, sub-contractors, stakeholders, experts, suppliers and all the important role players in the development of the project.
Fig 2.3.7 displaying the flow of activity in the Conceptual process as well as Design development processes.
Fig-2.37
This level considers to meet the target of the manager and for distinguishing the elements that might cause a glitch in the development of the project. Further, time to time meetings help to reconsider and conceptualize the fundamental issues along with the associated risks in the project. A UML chart has been provided where the adjustment, modifications and alterations can be considered. This helps the organizer to have a clearer picture with an essential arrangement and an outlined report. The Task Chief takes a critical role and helps to cooperation and connections within the organization and all the contractors, sub-contractors, stakeholders, experts, suppliers and all the important role players in the development of the project.
The UML chart above further helps to highlight the role of Undertaking administrators, Configuration Group, Plan Supervisor and the Surveyors and ways to gather information, data, assessments, choices etc. At the end of the pre-construction phase, records are arranged and a calendar is prepared with a stipulated time and cost for the Project. The evaluation of the procurement process is mentioned in the following table.
Table 1: Potential Performance Indicators for the Procurement Process
Table 1: Potential Performance Indicators for the Procurement Process
This table helps to relate the construction information with the financial reports and provides details on the various matters of the construction project.
Further, the pre-construction phase also included extensive concrete testing and therefore many quality control programs were done to endure that the concrete works to be done would be in agreement with all the parties involved with the project that included Hyder, the supervision consultant; IVTA, the testing agency owner; Unimix the concrete supplies quality team, Samsung Engineering, CTL and construction task force team. These programs were initiated from the very beginning of the pre-construction process and the construction did not start until all the tests were performed and verified carefully. The testing regime involves various programs like:
• Trial mix strategies for all types of concrete needed for the project.
• Mechanical properties, like modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, and split tensile strength.
• Durability tests where the 30-minute absorption test, initial surface absorption test was performed.
• All concrete mix design underwent a creep and shrinkage test program;
• Rapid chloride permeability test and water penetration tests;
• All concrete mix designs also underwent the shrinkage test program.
• Pump simulation test for all concrete mix design.
Further, the pre-construction phase also included extensive concrete testing and therefore many quality control programs were done to endure that the concrete works to be done would be in agreement with all the parties involved with the project that included Hyder, the supervision consultant; IVTA, the testing agency owner; Unimix the concrete supplies quality team, Samsung Engineering, CTL and construction task force team. These programs were initiated from the very beginning of the pre-construction process and the construction did not start until all the tests were performed and verified carefully. The testing regime involves various programs like:
• Trial mix strategies for all types of concrete needed for the project.
• Mechanical properties, like modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, and split tensile strength.
• Durability tests where the 30-minute absorption test, initial surface absorption test was performed.
• All concrete mix design underwent a creep and shrinkage test program;
• Rapid chloride permeability test and water penetration tests;
• All concrete mix designs also underwent the shrinkage test program.
• Pump simulation test for all concrete mix design.
3. Risk analysis
Risk is the principle variable in each task while managing the greater part of the development ventures, on the grounds that there will be more number of individuals which need to control development points of interest and after that need to finish the work according to the timetable and afterwards according to the outline structure subtle elements whatnot, as this is the fundamental part in the development ventures where Risk will raise, and eventually hazard component goes in high. Like this focuses in the majority of the project development risk is an unverifiable point which has to look in the development venture and afterwards a large portion of the discussions which is expected to keep up with the majority of the development focuses. What's more, even the venture yield and goals will rely on upon Risk investigation of the undertaking. Hazard administration is relying on upon the task chief who is managing the enterprise and which is for the most part required by the commitment process which incorporates all the necessary strides in the vast majority of the components and these all procedure and subsequent operations in the task running time.
All development tasks are related to dangers and instability. The complexities included in every undertaking are distinctive as are the dangers involved in every task. "Danger is the likelihood; a conflicting occasion that might happen amid an expressed time frame." Its effect can be considered as an undesirable episode which might bring about a superfluous outcome. Risk administration is a consistent procedure for the duration of the life of an undertaking, and it can't be connected just once. Risk can be arranged into three stages.
All development tasks are related to dangers and instability. The complexities included in every undertaking are distinctive as are the dangers involved in every task. "Danger is the likelihood; a conflicting occasion that might happen amid an expressed time frame." Its effect can be considered as an undesirable episode which might bring about a superfluous outcome. Risk administration is a consistent procedure for the duration of the life of an undertaking, and it can't be connected just once. Risk can be arranged into three stages.
Risk identification
It is the distinguishing proof of a component which might make disappointment the whole venture. Recognizing risk that influences the undertaking is vital and inability to distinguish any danger might prompt basic circumstances amid the life cycle of a task. The choices to counter risks ought to be taken before in a task and consequently distinguishing those dangers is a significant angle for all ventures.
Risk analysis: Once the dangers are recognized each of them are examined. It could be the likelihood of the occasion happening in various cases. Progressively the likelihood saw crosswise over tasks; more are the odds of it happening. Risk investigation manages the assessment of dangers and how it would influence the venture.
Risk response: The choices gone for broke is the reaction one has to bear every danger if there should be an occurrence of a crisis. Every risk should be handled on the off chance that it would affect the task. The answer to tackle this risk is the reaction created so that the task is unaffected.
Risk analysis: Once the dangers are recognized each of them are examined. It could be the likelihood of the occasion happening in various cases. Progressively the likelihood saw crosswise over tasks; more are the odds of it happening. Risk investigation manages the assessment of dangers and how it would influence the venture.
Risk response: The choices gone for broke is the reaction one has to bear every danger if there should be an occurrence of a crisis. Every risk should be handled on the off chance that it would affect the task. The answer to tackle this risk is the reaction created so that the task is unaffected.
3.1 Benefits of risk analysis
Coordinating as a joint effort to decide issues that surface in a non-hostile relationship. As a result of managing the Danger components by the partners and gathering works of the endeavour inside the preconstruction arrange; the work got a considerable measure of benefits as opposed to minimizing bewilder particularly: financially, primary, earth and there was no deferment with unusual condition of directing and controlling in view of the total undertaking organization gave a brought together, reliable control the distance.
3.2 Risk register
Presently making risk register would give a general appreciation of the threats influencing the endeavour on all viewpoints, further risk has been perceived on the Risk Matrix.
Risk ID Risk description Risk control Leader/Owner Adjusted impact Adjusted possibility Adjusted severity
Strategic risk
1 If there ought to emerge an event of any terrorist air attack like what happened on the World Trade Center if its fall Utilizing the steel packaging to the lower levels and the amazingly best levels, and using a strong structure for the inside levels to keep it balanced and more grounded. Also bearing all life security gear, course, stairs and lifts inside the high central focus using the choice force supplies to be utilized in the emergency case. PM&DM H L M
2 Design The building trouble (gravity), and the wind load. In any case, the most astonishing threat was the high-speed lifts Investors H H L
Operational risk
3 The probability of influencing the demolition and removal on the encompassing base, recorded/ historical structures, and London Bridge Station. Itemized dialogues progressing with the pertinent group and powers to guarantee that they are utilizing the most recent systems to ensure the base around those structures and offices as indicated by the arrangement of the task. And also via completing thorough tests at the establishment stage and utilizing the top-down; or kicking off; development. PM H M M
4 Site examinations divided or not began Venture Supervisor is responsible for forming a gathering to finish site investigating genuinely. PM M M H
5 Conceded perfection of the works Tight supervision, venture to watch and to search for recovery course of action from the start of the endeavour lifecycle. CM&PM H M H
Hazard risks
6 Vibration and determine Damages Need to use the latest methodologies and purposely consider bordering properties and structures and ensure legitimate propping as obliged close-by unearthings. Furthermore, the advancement should of the skyscraper at the ground level and go downwards into the three-story storm basement using the jump sections with the goal that will save time as well. PM H M H
7 General calamities, for instance, topographical and climatic. To contradict the trademark calamities should make the foundations more profound and the materials should enable to restrict that with the particular frameworks which stay mindful of the booked apparatuses of the venture. CM&PM H L M
3.3 Risk matrix
Risk matrices are presumably a standout amongst the most far-reaching instruments for risk assessment. They are chiefly used to decide the extent of risk and regardless of whether the risk is adequately controlled.
High-risk: Signified with "H" with a red background in the risk appraisal format, additionally call for quick activity or risk administration methodologies. Here notwithstanding contemplating wiping out the risk, substitution methodologies may likewise function admirably. In the event that these issues can't be determined instantly, strict timetables must be set up to guarantee that these issues get determined before the make obstacles in the advancement.
Medium: In the event that risk falls in one of the green cells set apart as "M”, it is best to make some sensible strides and create hazard administration techniques in time, despite the fact that there is no rush to have such risk sorted out ahead of schedule. Such risk doesn't require broad assets; rather they can be taken care of with savvy thinking and sensible arranging.
Low: The risk that fall in the yellow cells set apart with 'L', can be overlooked as they more often than don't represent any huge issue. However still, if some sensible steps can help in battling these risk, such steps ought to be taken to enhance the general execution of the undertaking.
High-risk: Signified with "H" with a red background in the risk appraisal format, additionally call for quick activity or risk administration methodologies. Here notwithstanding contemplating wiping out the risk, substitution methodologies may likewise function admirably. In the event that these issues can't be determined instantly, strict timetables must be set up to guarantee that these issues get determined before the make obstacles in the advancement.
Medium: In the event that risk falls in one of the green cells set apart as "M”, it is best to make some sensible strides and create hazard administration techniques in time, despite the fact that there is no rush to have such risk sorted out ahead of schedule. Such risk doesn't require broad assets; rather they can be taken care of with savvy thinking and sensible arranging.
Low: The risk that fall in the yellow cells set apart with 'L', can be overlooked as they more often than don't represent any huge issue. However still, if some sensible steps can help in battling these risk, such steps ought to be taken to enhance the general execution of the undertaking.
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4. Level of performance
Proficient development organizations, whether they are residential community contractual workers or multinational aggregates, work with a comparative benefit/profitability comparison. In a perfect world, the business must pay its representatives' pay rates and overhead costs, and eventually acquire an interest for its proprietors. To make enough gross benefits dollars to understand those objectives, the organization must enhance its operational and employment site profitability.
Design Diversions: Abnormal state development administrators who start a task with a complete configuration, and who encounter at least in-procedure plan changes, will encounter less downtime while they improve evaluates and reallocate assets. Thus, at venture work administrators and subcontractors have fewer boundaries to expanded labourer efficiency.
Planning Primer: A very much arranged development venture takes into consideration unexpected circumstances, for example, worksite climate conditions. Cases incorporate typhoons or tropical storms in hotter atmospheres, alongside substantial snow or ice storms in colder locales. Moreover, talented venture administrators guarantee that teams reliably have enough materials to finish their planned work. At the point when the undertaking supervisor envisions a requirement for overwhelming gear, for example, a crane or earth-moving hardware, he guarantees the gear's auspicious conveyance.
Snap-Together Structures: Groundbreaking development chiefs can streamline extend courses of events by utilizing particular or pre-assembled development components or frameworks. These parts incorporate outside dividers, pre-developed rooftops, plumbing structures, and floors. Indeed, in 2011, McGraw-Hill Construction overviewed more than 800 development-related experts about the effect of these prepared to go frameworks. More than half of the study respondents reported lower task costs, more active venture plans and diminished occupation site waste.
Incentives: Representatives who are paid well and have a stake in the fruition of the structure might probably give it their everything. To put it plainly, you have to offer focused wages for your team (you could considerably consider advantages notwithstanding your site protection since the dangers of mischance and damage in this calling are high). You might likewise need to think about giving as a reward upon completion or offer of the property as an approach to get your labourers in the rigging. Simply make certain to watch out for quality.
Construction Worker Carrots: Specialist motivating forces can assume an important part of development efficiency change. For instance, a pipes group who finishes a flat building venture in under-evaluated time, with a couple of mistakes, maybe remunerated with a fulfilment reward. An enthusiastic wellbeing and execution related rivalry between stonework groups may enhance general brickwork efficiency and maybe bring about a provided food worksite lunch for the triumphant team. While some profitability upgrade thoughts may be coordinated at foremen and chiefs, organizers should likewise give motivating forces to at work exchange specialists.
Planning: The most widely recognized reason for the stoppage in development is holding up, and it is frequent because of shameful arranging. While there will be days when climate and different components outside your ability to control trade-off your group's capacity to proceed with work. Be that as it may, there is likewise a part of holding up time that is explicitly connected with lack of common sense. Whether essential hardware is occupied, materials are in travel, or they're basically aren't sufficient individuals attempting to guarantee that a venture is finished on the timetable, lack of foresight is likely the foundation of the issue.
Design Diversions: Abnormal state development administrators who start a task with a complete configuration, and who encounter at least in-procedure plan changes, will encounter less downtime while they improve evaluates and reallocate assets. Thus, at venture work administrators and subcontractors have fewer boundaries to expanded labourer efficiency.
Planning Primer: A very much arranged development venture takes into consideration unexpected circumstances, for example, worksite climate conditions. Cases incorporate typhoons or tropical storms in hotter atmospheres, alongside substantial snow or ice storms in colder locales. Moreover, talented venture administrators guarantee that teams reliably have enough materials to finish their planned work. At the point when the undertaking supervisor envisions a requirement for overwhelming gear, for example, a crane or earth-moving hardware, he guarantees the gear's auspicious conveyance.
Snap-Together Structures: Groundbreaking development chiefs can streamline extend courses of events by utilizing particular or pre-assembled development components or frameworks. These parts incorporate outside dividers, pre-developed rooftops, plumbing structures, and floors. Indeed, in 2011, McGraw-Hill Construction overviewed more than 800 development-related experts about the effect of these prepared to go frameworks. More than half of the study respondents reported lower task costs, more active venture plans and diminished occupation site waste.
Incentives: Representatives who are paid well and have a stake in the fruition of the structure might probably give it their everything. To put it plainly, you have to offer focused wages for your team (you could considerably consider advantages notwithstanding your site protection since the dangers of mischance and damage in this calling are high). You might likewise need to think about giving as a reward upon completion or offer of the property as an approach to get your labourers in the rigging. Simply make certain to watch out for quality.
Construction Worker Carrots: Specialist motivating forces can assume an important part of development efficiency change. For instance, a pipes group who finishes a flat building venture in under-evaluated time, with a couple of mistakes, maybe remunerated with a fulfilment reward. An enthusiastic wellbeing and execution related rivalry between stonework groups may enhance general brickwork efficiency and maybe bring about a provided food worksite lunch for the triumphant team. While some profitability upgrade thoughts may be coordinated at foremen and chiefs, organizers should likewise give motivating forces to at work exchange specialists.
Planning: The most widely recognized reason for the stoppage in development is holding up, and it is frequent because of shameful arranging. While there will be days when climate and different components outside your ability to control trade-off your group's capacity to proceed with work. Be that as it may, there is likewise a part of holding up time that is explicitly connected with lack of common sense. Whether essential hardware is occupied, materials are in travel, or they're basically aren't sufficient individuals attempting to guarantee that a venture is finished on the timetable, lack of foresight is likely the foundation of the issue.
4.1 Strategies for project improvement
The technique to improve an endeavour is by the joining of the arrangement, outlining and era. It would diminish cost and improve the general undertaking execution. New procedures are being changed by make improvement easier and keep up a critical separation from all the more on location exercises. Off-site advancement is the new technique used by relationship to complete improvement wanders at a speedier pace.
4.3 Off-Site Construction and Quality Management concepts
4.3.1 Offsite construction
In the first place, we look in the phase of offsite development when there will be nothing before the beginning phase of the development task will look like as appeared. Here first once we look into the graphical representation will look like as appeared in the beneath picture.
To start with the guide of the development venture alongside the development venture points of interest will be shown in the greater part of the stages and after that for further stages, we have to fabricate the undertaking in the customer indicated area as per the customer necessity from the majority of the times from this we can add to the great execution and after that quality level development venture which is named as iconic task.
Development is the social occasion of pre-collected portions on a building site using front line gadgets and advancement. As the colloquialism proposes the improvement is finished offsite, simply the social event is done at the obliged spot. There are distinctive inclinations of offsite advancement. There is a general confusion that quality is exchanged off when the improvement is made offsite. However, this is not certified. The way of parts is overhauled as they are produced under supervision in a controlled space. As it is developed offsite, the portions can be provided autonomous of the atmosphere and hereafter work advantage and security are upgraded which is a commonplace worry in all endeavours. Since a lion's offer of work is made offsite there is the less unsettling impact to its surroundings; this provides the bordering structures by an advancement some assistance with sitting. Most preferably sections are confined which minimizes waste and extras. The genuine inclination of using offsite advancement when appeared differently about standard improvement is that a lot of time is saved as activities happen at the same time.
Development is the social occasion of pre-collected portions on a building site using front line gadgets and advancement. As the colloquialism proposes the improvement is finished offsite, simply the social event is done at the obliged spot. There are distinctive inclinations of offsite advancement. There is a general confusion that quality is exchanged off when the improvement is made offsite. However, this is not certified. The way of parts is overhauled as they are produced under supervision in a controlled space. As it is developed offsite, the portions can be provided autonomous of the atmosphere and hereafter work advantage and security are upgraded which is a commonplace worry in all endeavours. Since a lion's offer of work is made offsite there is the less unsettling impact to its surroundings; this provides the bordering structures by an advancement some assistance with sitting. Most preferably sections are confined which minimizes waste and extras. The genuine inclination of using offsite advancement when appeared differently about standard improvement is that a lot of time is saved as activities happen at the same time.
There are requirements to offsite advancement moreover. Since the modules are fabricated offsite, the transportation of these parts would expect a vital element. The lacking establishment is real drawbacks for not realizing offsite advancement on critical endeavours. The offsite promotion gives less flexibility in altering the layout. Once the drawings are sent for prefab, there is little which could be conceivable. An extensive part of the improvement wanders get deferred as the client keeps changing the short. Since offsite advancement takes after a strict time, arrange the customer needs to make decisions so that the parts can be organized offsite. Offsite promotion keeps wanders on track with respect to time which is the vast playing point and also it is a shortcoming.
4.3.2 Quality management
At the point when goes to the nature of the administration will rely on upon the main organization standards and regulations, as the vast majority of the general population will take after the tenets and afterwards regulations from the organization and after that will be creating or executing the task for further phases of the development of the building. Since a percentage of the organization tenets and regulations resemble they have to work with representatives so as to convey the nature of the work yet when goes to the genuine picture workers won't be conveying the same according to the customer necessity. Since if organization strict the guidelines to the representatives then the greater part of the organization workers won't be demonstrating the enthusiasm to then work so as to convey the work in a decent quality way. Organization representatives will work just according to the portion of the general population required prerequisites and after that, they will send the rest to out. In this way, that here organization quality conveyance will get down into lower stages and afterwards organization customers will lose their undertaking in the greater part of the stages, so will affect in specifically to the organization income too. Like this organization venture quality administration ought to be planed likewise according to the customer necessities in the task and after that in all the further stages too.
A considerable lot of the variables in the usage task quality is the principle and vital thing for the vast majority of the reasons so as to convey the customer required necessity. To get this as the yield first managers ought to be in a position that every single one ought to express and after that give the quality, according to the fundamental needs of the stages. Managers ought to know how to handle the representatives in every one of the circumstances and afterwards how to keep up in the greater part of the change prerequisites of the customers. When we look into the present undertaking which is outlined and keep up in the inlet nation Dubai, this is one of the greatest and acclaimed venture for the crosswise over the world Furthermore this is one of the popularly known spots to every single one. This is keeping up right now as a vacationer places additionally, taking into account the necessities of the nation.
The quality organization ensures that an affiliation, thing or organization is consistent. It has four essential parts: quality arranging, quality control, quality affirmation and quality change. Quality organization is focused on a thing and organization quality, and on the means to fulfil it. The quality organization, subsequently, uses quality insistence and control of strategies and moreover things to accomplish more unsurprising quality. A Quality Administration Arrangement reports how an affiliation will arrange, execute, and assess the suitability of its quality accreditation and quality control operations. Specifically, it delineates how an affiliation structures its quality system, the quality methodologies and techniques, scopes of utilization, and parts, commitments, and forces. The segments of a quality system are recorded in a Quality Administration Arrangement. The Quality Administration Arrangement is an affiliation or task-specific record; it depicts the general practices of membership or framework. Venture specific purposes of enthusiasm of individual exercises of the membership or work are accounted for in a Quality Certification Undertaking Arrangement.
A considerable lot of the variables in the usage task quality is the principle and vital thing for the vast majority of the reasons so as to convey the customer required necessity. To get this as the yield first managers ought to be in a position that every single one ought to express and after that give the quality, according to the fundamental needs of the stages. Managers ought to know how to handle the representatives in every one of the circumstances and afterwards how to keep up in the greater part of the change prerequisites of the customers. When we look into the present undertaking which is outlined and keep up in the inlet nation Dubai, this is one of the greatest and acclaimed venture for the crosswise over the world Furthermore this is one of the popularly known spots to every single one. This is keeping up right now as a vacationer places additionally, taking into account the necessities of the nation.
The quality organization ensures that an affiliation, thing or organization is consistent. It has four essential parts: quality arranging, quality control, quality affirmation and quality change. Quality organization is focused on a thing and organization quality, and on the means to fulfil it. The quality organization, subsequently, uses quality insistence and control of strategies and moreover things to accomplish more unsurprising quality. A Quality Administration Arrangement reports how an affiliation will arrange, execute, and assess the suitability of its quality accreditation and quality control operations. Specifically, it delineates how an affiliation structures its quality system, the quality methodologies and techniques, scopes of utilization, and parts, commitments, and forces. The segments of a quality system are recorded in a Quality Administration Arrangement. The Quality Administration Arrangement is an affiliation or task-specific record; it depicts the general practices of membership or framework. Venture specific purposes of enthusiasm of individual exercises of the membership or work are accounted for in a Quality Certification Undertaking Arrangement.
4.4 Applications of quality management
The trendy tower has the best-impelled tufts where the utilization of renewable on its advancement. As since the Dubai's wealth significant in stock fuel, as it is more of actually agonized over the achievable artifice for boiling high temp water, a reason they are using sun oriented boards which are fit for warming 140,000 litres of water reliably which is conveyed among the business and neighbourhood purposes. This can save just about 3200 kilowatts consistently and beautiful almost 690-megawatt hour essentials always. On the highest point of the tower, there are 375 gatherers who are prepared for social event 140,000 litres of water which can be warmed in a time period of seven hours. As the temperature is more soaked on the Center East region, they made surety that the supply of ordinary air through the warm wheels which can be possible at any place conceivable in the building. The Situation is decisively back to the United Kingdom here we are endeavouring to secure warmth inside the building, and there they are striving to give the cold disaster inside the working, therefore, the designers have investigated an extraordinary execution covering glass with low impassivity which guarantees the tower with front line warm protection where the temperature between 35°C – 45°C in the midst of the late spring which is amidst April and October. The use of vitality screens and electronic meters with a bleeding-edge system which offsets the on-going advancement of electrical essentials. The use of Building Administration System which filters all the electrical aspects and furthermore the system of mechanical background of the whole tower helps in incorporates the ventilation, lighting, power structure and security systems thus on where the product introduced controls, streamline, screen and reported with the objective that it will be straightforward for the designer to settle the whole tower structure the overuse so we can save packs of imperatives. The most basic variable is the stack effect on the cooling from and on account of the effect of the BMS diminishes the necessity for mechanical pressurization. These structures can misuse the speedier wind speeds at higher rises and drive wind toward building-composed turbines to deliver force. Since they are less disposed to have shadows thrown on them, tall structures moreover make successful use of building-consolidated photo-voltaic frameworks to absorb daylight based power and make imperatives. Besides significant foundations make them perfect for geothermal warming and splendid cooling outlines.
4.5 Conclusion
At the point when the new century moved over, concrete advancement was pounding without end beginning and in fact, nobody ever thought of envisioned of making a building this tall using high stable. The Burj Dubai venture exposes that tall building system progression is reliably clearly related to the latest headways in material advancements, basic outlining, wind structure, seismic planning, PC sequences, and improvement schedules. The Burj Dubai wander advantages from movements in these advances, driving the headway of super-tall structures and the specialty of necessary planning.
Burj Dubai Tower has overshadowed all past statue records and is the tallest structure ever constructed. It speaks to huge cooperation and coordination exertion of numerous people over all segments of the building calls. Customary and forefront innovations and building frameworks were used, created, and promote progressed to make this uncommon structure, taking this building and the calling to actually a new statue.
Burj Khalifa venture Dubai based task in the development of the extensive and longest building development venture. In this task, for the most part, there is numerous number of elements which we have to consider in the large portion of the situation while development a venture. Those are similar to primary vital of procedures and subprocess and steps which is included amid the development stages and how to take after the configuration rules. When configuration is done what every one of the strides should be taken in the further activities in the undertaking keeping in mind the end goal to finish the task in a fruitful way with more precise and productive way of the venture alongside the how the offsite development with more execution and quality structure and nature of the administration of the development venture.
The Burj Dubai is the tallest man-made construction on the planet in all classes, and it has wound up an impulse for further progression in high rise improvement in the Center East and all through the world. The Burj Dubai undertaking is a substitute endeavour forward in meeting the inventive troubles of future advancement.
Burj Dubai Tower has overshadowed all past statue records and is the tallest structure ever constructed. It speaks to huge cooperation and coordination exertion of numerous people over all segments of the building calls. Customary and forefront innovations and building frameworks were used, created, and promote progressed to make this uncommon structure, taking this building and the calling to actually a new statue.
Burj Khalifa venture Dubai based task in the development of the extensive and longest building development venture. In this task, for the most part, there is numerous number of elements which we have to consider in the large portion of the situation while development a venture. Those are similar to primary vital of procedures and subprocess and steps which is included amid the development stages and how to take after the configuration rules. When configuration is done what every one of the strides should be taken in the further activities in the undertaking keeping in mind the end goal to finish the task in a fruitful way with more precise and productive way of the venture alongside the how the offsite development with more execution and quality structure and nature of the administration of the development venture.
The Burj Dubai is the tallest man-made construction on the planet in all classes, and it has wound up an impulse for further progression in high rise improvement in the Center East and all through the world. The Burj Dubai undertaking is a substitute endeavour forward in meeting the inventive troubles of future advancement.
Reference
Abdelrazaq, A. (2008). Brief on the Construction Planning of the Burj Dubai Project, Dubai, UAE. 1st ed. [ebook] UAE: Samsung Engineering & Construction. Available at: http://www.civil.ist.utl.pt/~cristina/EBAP/FolhasEdifAltos/burj-dubai/T10_Abdelrazaq.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
ABDELRAZAQ, A., KIM, K. and KIM, J. (2008). Brief on the Construction Planning of the Burj Dubai Project, Dubai, UAE. report (congr. iabse), 17(20), pp.186-187.
Aboutcivil.org. (2014). Design, Construction & Structural Details of Burj al Khalifa | Tallest Skyscraper. [online] Available at: http://www.aboutcivil.org/burj-khalifa-design-construction-structural-details.html [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Aldred, J. (2010). Burj Khalifa – a new high for high-performance concrete. Proceedings of the ICE - Civil Engineering, 163(2), pp.66-73.
Baker, B. and Pawlikowski, J. (2015). The Design and Construction of the World's Tallest Building: The Burj Khalifa, Dubai. Structural Engineering International, 25(4), pp.389-394.
Baker, W. (2008). Engineering the World’s Tallest – Burj Dubai. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: http://cement.org/buildings/Burj%20CTBUH.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Burj Khalifa. (2016). Construction. [online] Available at: http://burj-khalifa.readabout.org/construction/ [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Burjkhalifa.ae. (2016). Home | Burj Khalifa. [online] Available at: http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/index.aspx [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Burjkhalifa.ae. (2016). Structures | Burj Khalifa. [online] Available at: http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/the-tower/structures.aspx [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Cenews.com. (n.d.). Design and construction of the world—?™s tallest building: The Burj Dubai | civil + structural ENGINEER. [online] Available at: http://cenews.com/article/7709/design_and_construction_of_the_world_acute_s_tallest_building__the_burj_dubai [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Poulos, H. (2008). FOUNDATION DESIGN FOR THE BURJ DUBAI – THE WORLD’S TALLEST BUILDING. In: 6th International Conference On history. [online] Australia. Available at: http://www.geomarc.it/Poulos_&_Bunce_2008.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Smith, A. (2016). Burj Khalifa Dubai, United Arab Emirates. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: http://cache.lego.com/bigdownloads/buildinginstructions/4647836.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Supertall Buildings Construction risk assessment in the 21st century. (2014). 1st ed. [ebook] Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty. Available at: http://www.agcs.allianz.com/assets/PDFs/risk%20bulletins/Supertall-Buildings-Bulletin.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
willis, c. (2016). TEN TOPS - Burj Khalifa. [online] Skyscraper.org. Available at: http://skyscraper.org/EXHIBITIONS/TEN_TOPS/burj.php [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
ABDELRAZAQ, A., KIM, K. and KIM, J. (2008). Brief on the Construction Planning of the Burj Dubai Project, Dubai, UAE. report (congr. iabse), 17(20), pp.186-187.
Aboutcivil.org. (2014). Design, Construction & Structural Details of Burj al Khalifa | Tallest Skyscraper. [online] Available at: http://www.aboutcivil.org/burj-khalifa-design-construction-structural-details.html [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Aldred, J. (2010). Burj Khalifa – a new high for high-performance concrete. Proceedings of the ICE - Civil Engineering, 163(2), pp.66-73.
Baker, B. and Pawlikowski, J. (2015). The Design and Construction of the World's Tallest Building: The Burj Khalifa, Dubai. Structural Engineering International, 25(4), pp.389-394.
Baker, W. (2008). Engineering the World’s Tallest – Burj Dubai. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: http://cement.org/buildings/Burj%20CTBUH.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Burj Khalifa. (2016). Construction. [online] Available at: http://burj-khalifa.readabout.org/construction/ [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Burjkhalifa.ae. (2016). Home | Burj Khalifa. [online] Available at: http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/index.aspx [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Burjkhalifa.ae. (2016). Structures | Burj Khalifa. [online] Available at: http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/the-tower/structures.aspx [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Cenews.com. (n.d.). Design and construction of the world—?™s tallest building: The Burj Dubai | civil + structural ENGINEER. [online] Available at: http://cenews.com/article/7709/design_and_construction_of_the_world_acute_s_tallest_building__the_burj_dubai [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Poulos, H. (2008). FOUNDATION DESIGN FOR THE BURJ DUBAI – THE WORLD’S TALLEST BUILDING. In: 6th International Conference On history. [online] Australia. Available at: http://www.geomarc.it/Poulos_&_Bunce_2008.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Smith, A. (2016). Burj Khalifa Dubai, United Arab Emirates. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: http://cache.lego.com/bigdownloads/buildinginstructions/4647836.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
Supertall Buildings Construction risk assessment in the 21st century. (2014). 1st ed. [ebook] Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty. Available at: http://www.agcs.allianz.com/assets/PDFs/risk%20bulletins/Supertall-Buildings-Bulletin.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
willis, c. (2016). TEN TOPS - Burj Khalifa. [online] Skyscraper.org. Available at: http://skyscraper.org/EXHIBITIONS/TEN_TOPS/burj.php [Accessed 31 Mar. 2016].
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