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Requirement
Write a 3- to 4-page paper that includes the following based on your chosen organization:
-Explain the importance of communication protocols.
-Identify the protocols in your design and provide rationale for your decision.
-Define the overall network architecture.
-Explain the usefulness of a traffic analysis.
-Define the terms latency, response time, and jitter, and describe their effect on overall network performance and on the performance of your chosen organization's network.
-Explain the effect of data rates on each part of the network.
-Describe strategies to ensure the availability of network access in switched and routed networks.
-Riordan Manufacturing is the chosen organization.
Solution
Riordan Manufacturing
Computer Network Report
Introduction
Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer that employs 550 people and is headquartered in San Jose, California, having facilities worldwide. The company's mission is to remain the industry leader, while servicing the existing customers as well as expanding. For this, the company will most likely have to overhaul its current infrastructure (Tavangaran, 2016).
Importance of Communication Protocols
Protocol is a common language which two parties agree to communicate in. "Computer networks cannot exist without them." ("What is a Communication Protocol? - Definition from Techopedia", 2016).
Now, Riordan Manufacturing is a global company with currently three offices in USA and one office in China (Murillo, 2016). To enable communication among these geographically spread offices we require one common set of protocols for the network.
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Protocols Selected and Why
We select Virtual Private Network (VPN) over public Internet under intranet site-to-site configuration for our company's networking requirement.
Protocols used will be TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), as this is the protocol of Internet and most computers and network devices are capable of communicating in this (Tyson & Crawford, 2011).
We choose this solution as it is cost-effective, is scalable and provides security (by using encryption).
Network Architecture
Each office's LAN will be configured with a VPN router to serve as endpoints in the VPN architecture. Using their exiting Internet connection, the VPN router will create a per-session 'tunnel' in the public Internet, using which the encrypted user data is encapsulated in tunnel packets and routed as usual on the Internet.
The Internet routes these packets as usual and the endpoint computers read the data encapsulated inside the tunnel packets, decrypt it and process it ("How VPN Works: Virtual Private Network (VPN)", 2016).
Network Performance Parameters
Latency
Latency in general means the time delay it takes for the system to accept an input and produce the desired result, and it effects how usable and enjoyable a system is for users. ("What is latency? - Definition from WhatIs.com", 2016).
Latency is a tradeoff in our chosen network. We lose control of or a minimum Service Level Agreement (SLA) on latency as some users in the network may not have sufficient bandwidth. "Latency guarantees are hard to come by because they're hard to implement" ("The Solution - "How do I turn the network I've got into the network I need"", 2016).
Response Time
Response time measures the time it takes for a request to be processed e.g. you might measure the response time as the time between when you press the Enter key or click the OK button and the time the result appears on your screen (Sosinsky, 2009).
Again, we do not have a guarantee of response time in our chosen network, due to the wide variety of speed and quality of the underlying Internet routes. We consider this a reasonable tradeoff since the company will primarily be sharing emails, files, and other non-live data.
Jitter
Jitter is the variability from the expected values of latency and other network parameters. This is the reason for clicks in audio, artifacts in videos played over a network like the Internet.
As mentioned earlier, the company is mainly working with data that is not latency sensitive, thus any jitter is unlikely to have any noticeable effect on user interface (Hruska, 2015).
Effects of Data Rates on Parts of Network
As the data makes its way from the source to the destination using the underlying public Internet, its speed is not guaranteed between the hops. This variance and unpredictability of the route of one packet from the next may introduce jitter. However, techniques such as traffic shaping help regulate the flow and the effects are insignificant.
Ensuring Availability
Switched Network
VPN on a switched network becomes a leased line. It would be prohibitively expensive to build and maintain, or rent a private data line for interconnecting offices spread over continents. Thus, we do not recommend this system. Hence, technical discussions for this configuration are out of scope.
Routed Network
Our network runs on top of the public Internet, which is a routed network ("Structure of the Internet: Packet switching - Wikibooks, open books for an open world", 2016). Now, Internet was made to be highly available since the inception of its ancestor ARPANET in the US Department of Defence ("Brief History of the Internet - Internet Timeline | Internet Society", 2016).
Thus, as long as the company's offices are connected to the Internet, they will be connected using the VPN.
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Brief History of the Internet - Internet Timeline | Internet Society. (2016). Internetsociety.org. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/what-internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet
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How VPN Works: Virtual Private Network (VPN). (2016). Technet.microsoft.com. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc779919%28v=ws.10%29.aspx?f=255&MSPPError=-2147217396
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Hruska, J. (2015). What is Jitter?. Speedtest Blog. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from http://www.speedtest.net/articles/what-is-jitter/
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Latency (engineering). (2016). Wikipedia. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latency_(engineering)#Communication_latency
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Murillo, N. (2016). Riordan Manufacturing, Inc.. prezi.com. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from https://prezi.com/auheop-oxk-r/riordan-manufacturing-inc/
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Sosinsky, B. (2009). Networking bible (p. 118). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley.
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Structure of the Internet: Packet switching - Wikibooks, open books for an open world. (2016). En.wikibooks.org. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A-level_Computing/AQA/Computer_Components,_The_Stored_Program_Concept_and_the_Internet/Structure_of_the_Internet/Packet_switching
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Tavangaran, A. (2016). Information on Riordan Manufacturing | eHow. eHow. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from http://www.ehow.com/about_5729395_information-riordan-manufacturing.html
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The Solution - "How do I turn the network I've got into the network I need". (2016). Networkworld, (Volume 14, Number 22), 60. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NR0EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA60&ots=yH7xOsKHc2&dq=latency%20in%20virtual%20private%20network%20intranet%20internet&pg=PA60#v=onepage&q&f=false
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Tyson, J. & Crawford, S. (2011). How VPNs Work. HowStuffWorks. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from http://computer.howstuffworks.com/vpn.htm
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What is a Communication Protocol? - Definition from Techopedia. (2016). Techopedia.com. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25705/communication-protocol
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What is jitter? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (2016). SearchUnifiedCommunications. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from http://searchunifiedcommunications.techtarget.com/definition/jitter
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What is latency? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (2016). WhatIs.com. Retrieved 31 July 2016, from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/latency
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